Plummer Disease Evidence
Published on May 31 2010, in the categories: Plummer Disease
Thyroid is one of the largest and important glands of the body. It belongs to the endocrine system and its activity is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary influence. Thyroid controls metabolic processes, protein synthesis and overall sensitivity of the organism to the action of other hormones. It is located in the anterior cervical lodge, lower thyroid cartilage ("Adam's apple 'as he called on men) and secretes several hormones, mainly thyroxin, triiodothyronine and calcitonin (hormone important in calcium homeostasis).
Thyroid hormone secretion and influences exerted by the hypothalamus and pituitary are very complex processes, and any modification of the main factors involved in installing these leads to imbalance in the synthesis and secretion, which translates into clinical appearance of specific diseases such glands or Plummer disease. By who produces hormones, thyroid affects many metabolic processes in the body. Thyroid disease is diverse and can range from anatomical changes of size, operating to major imbalances, which passed on the entire body, and even cancer. The most common thyroid problem is related to inadequate secretion of hormones, excess or less.
Synthesis and secretion of excessive amounts of hormones situation called hyperthyroidism and the reverse situation, characterized by deficient hormones hypothyroidism. Although Plummer disease evidence are very upset and alert the patient, thyroid pathology, the most they can be treated and controlled so that the patient's life to take place normally, and its quality is not affected.
-Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones and may occur within several diseases, including:
- Graves Plummer disease evidence: the nature of autoimmune disease characterized by excess production of too much thyroid hormone. Is accompanied by macroscopic changes of the thyroid, thyroid goiter appearing. The most common symptoms are tachycardia, muscle weakness, sleep disturbance and irritability;
- Thyroid adenomas: is the nodules that occur in the parenchyma of thyroid gland and are able to secrete hormones which will influence internal homeostasis of the body, creating hormonal imbalances. Some goiter thyroid contain even more such nodules;
- Subacute thyroiditis: is due to inflammation that occurs in the parenchyma, which will favor appearance in excess of hormones, as that will cause temporary hyperthyroidism that usually lasts several weeks or even months;
- Toxic thyroid nodule: a benign thyroid tumor nature, which can be moved from clinically (non-functional) or can produce thyroid hormones, causing the appearance of clinical hyperthyroidism;
- Plummer's disease (toxic nodular goiter or) is a form of hyperthyroidism due to the existence of autonomous nodes that produce excessive amounts of hormones. It is considered the second case, in order of importance, of hyperthyroidism after Graves' disease;
- Pituitary pathology, pituitary tumors: in this category included: Strum Thyroid, thyroiditis De Quervain, toxic thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, lymphoma and metastases that may confine this level.
Hypothyroidism, in contrast to hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid can not synthesize and / or secrete hormones circulating properly. Because the body is deprived of these hormones, which have many important functional roles, physiological processes can not arise in the normal parameters. The main symptoms associated with hypothyroidism include: fatigue muscle fatigue, cold intolerance, depression, muscle cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome, pallor, weight gain and fluid retention (edema), bradycardia, constipation.
Thyroid hormone secretion and influences exerted by the hypothalamus and pituitary are very complex processes, and any modification of the main factors involved in installing these leads to imbalance in the synthesis and secretion, which translates into clinical appearance of specific diseases such glands or Plummer disease. By who produces hormones, thyroid affects many metabolic processes in the body. Thyroid disease is diverse and can range from anatomical changes of size, operating to major imbalances, which passed on the entire body, and even cancer. The most common thyroid problem is related to inadequate secretion of hormones, excess or less.
Synthesis and secretion of excessive amounts of hormones situation called hyperthyroidism and the reverse situation, characterized by deficient hormones hypothyroidism. Although Plummer disease evidence are very upset and alert the patient, thyroid pathology, the most they can be treated and controlled so that the patient's life to take place normally, and its quality is not affected.
-Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones and may occur within several diseases, including:
- Graves Plummer disease evidence: the nature of autoimmune disease characterized by excess production of too much thyroid hormone. Is accompanied by macroscopic changes of the thyroid, thyroid goiter appearing. The most common symptoms are tachycardia, muscle weakness, sleep disturbance and irritability;
- Thyroid adenomas: is the nodules that occur in the parenchyma of thyroid gland and are able to secrete hormones which will influence internal homeostasis of the body, creating hormonal imbalances. Some goiter thyroid contain even more such nodules;
- Subacute thyroiditis: is due to inflammation that occurs in the parenchyma, which will favor appearance in excess of hormones, as that will cause temporary hyperthyroidism that usually lasts several weeks or even months;
- Toxic thyroid nodule: a benign thyroid tumor nature, which can be moved from clinically (non-functional) or can produce thyroid hormones, causing the appearance of clinical hyperthyroidism;
- Plummer's disease (toxic nodular goiter or) is a form of hyperthyroidism due to the existence of autonomous nodes that produce excessive amounts of hormones. It is considered the second case, in order of importance, of hyperthyroidism after Graves' disease;
- Pituitary pathology, pituitary tumors: in this category included: Strum Thyroid, thyroiditis De Quervain, toxic thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, lymphoma and metastases that may confine this level.
Hypothyroidism, in contrast to hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid can not synthesize and / or secrete hormones circulating properly. Because the body is deprived of these hormones, which have many important functional roles, physiological processes can not arise in the normal parameters. The main symptoms associated with hypothyroidism include: fatigue muscle fatigue, cold intolerance, depression, muscle cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome, pallor, weight gain and fluid retention (edema), bradycardia, constipation.
Plummer’s Disease Symptoms
Published on May 30 2010, in the categories: Plummer Disease
Thyrotoxicosis or Plummer's dsease is the clinical syndrome caused by increased levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Thyrotoxicosis represents an exaggerated manifestations of the effects of thyroid hormones that are in excess:
-General Plummer's disease symptoms: weight loss (with normal or increased appetite), intolerance to heat, insomnia, psycho-emotional lability, anxiety, irritability, nervousness, and hyperkinesias with psychomotor agitation.
- Cardiovascular events: rhythm disturbances (sinus tachycardia, extra systoles, atrial fibrillation), marked peripheral vasodilatation (with greater differential BP) apexian intense shock, circulatory hyperkinetic syndrome.
- Neuromuscular manifestations: fatigue, muscle tremors of the extremities (due to exhaustion adrenergic receptors).
-Skin manifestations: warm skin, soft, thin, wet, thinning hair and nails, central temperature increased moderately (due to increase metabolism).
-Digestive manifestations: diarrhea, jaundice with hepatic steatosis.
- Genital Plummer's disease symptoms: decreased sexual activity in men, infertility, gynecomastia, dysmenorrhea in women.
-Ocular manifestations: upper eyelid retraction (the sclera visible above the corneal arc - Dalrymple sign), periorbital hyper pigmentation (sign Jelinek), spasmodic movements of the eye, bright eyes (the "live").
Thyrotoxicosis cases include: Graves disease (most common form of thyrotoxicosis), a toxic solitary or multinodular goiter (Plummer disease), and hyperthyroidism secondary to a TSH secreting pituitary adenoma or secondary hyperthyroidism excess hormones islands of ectopic thyroid tissue. Thyroids crisis is a medical emergency and is manifested by severe tachycardia, fever, confusion and disorientation.
-Epidemiology: The disease affects primarily in females (ratio B: F = 1:7) at middle age (30-50 years), but can occur in adolescents, during pregnancy or menopause.
-Pathogenesis: Pathogenesis is represented by the presence of antibodies to TSH receptors on the surface of thyroid follicular cells, which stimulate the receptor and cause excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. Productions of anti-thyroid receptors can occur as a result of a lack of LTS that permit LTH Action stimulate production of clones of LB or triggering an immune response due to altered cell surface antigens post-iradiation thyroid.
Pathology: macroscopic - gland is diffusely and uniformly increased volume and microscopic - dusted small follicles may be observed by a cylindrical epithelium (hiperfunctional), with a small quantity of colloid and augmented blood supply, and there may be a limfoplasmocitar infiltrated.
Signs and symptoms of Plummer disease:
-Diffuse goiter;
- Thyrotoxicosis -Infiltrative orbitopathy: protrusion of the eyeballs due to enlarging bilateral retro bulbar tissue, over-and infra-orbital edema, congestion and swelling of the conjunctiva
-Infiltrative dermopathy with increased content of hyaluronic acid and condroitinsulfati: pretibial myxedema.
- Blast on gland listening. The data compression mechanics of formation Neighborhood: hoarseness, voice bitonic (due to compression nerve larynges appellant), dysphasia (due to compression of esophagus) syndrome Claude Bernard-Horner (miosis, exophthalmia, ptosis - due to compression inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion), dipnee (trachea due to compression), cyanosis and jugular turgor (due to jugular vein compression).
-General Plummer's disease symptoms: weight loss (with normal or increased appetite), intolerance to heat, insomnia, psycho-emotional lability, anxiety, irritability, nervousness, and hyperkinesias with psychomotor agitation.
- Cardiovascular events: rhythm disturbances (sinus tachycardia, extra systoles, atrial fibrillation), marked peripheral vasodilatation (with greater differential BP) apexian intense shock, circulatory hyperkinetic syndrome.
- Neuromuscular manifestations: fatigue, muscle tremors of the extremities (due to exhaustion adrenergic receptors).
-Skin manifestations: warm skin, soft, thin, wet, thinning hair and nails, central temperature increased moderately (due to increase metabolism).
-Digestive manifestations: diarrhea, jaundice with hepatic steatosis.
- Genital Plummer's disease symptoms: decreased sexual activity in men, infertility, gynecomastia, dysmenorrhea in women.
-Ocular manifestations: upper eyelid retraction (the sclera visible above the corneal arc - Dalrymple sign), periorbital hyper pigmentation (sign Jelinek), spasmodic movements of the eye, bright eyes (the "live").
Thyrotoxicosis cases include: Graves disease (most common form of thyrotoxicosis), a toxic solitary or multinodular goiter (Plummer disease), and hyperthyroidism secondary to a TSH secreting pituitary adenoma or secondary hyperthyroidism excess hormones islands of ectopic thyroid tissue. Thyroids crisis is a medical emergency and is manifested by severe tachycardia, fever, confusion and disorientation.
-Epidemiology: The disease affects primarily in females (ratio B: F = 1:7) at middle age (30-50 years), but can occur in adolescents, during pregnancy or menopause.
-Pathogenesis: Pathogenesis is represented by the presence of antibodies to TSH receptors on the surface of thyroid follicular cells, which stimulate the receptor and cause excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. Productions of anti-thyroid receptors can occur as a result of a lack of LTS that permit LTH Action stimulate production of clones of LB or triggering an immune response due to altered cell surface antigens post-iradiation thyroid.
Pathology: macroscopic - gland is diffusely and uniformly increased volume and microscopic - dusted small follicles may be observed by a cylindrical epithelium (hiperfunctional), with a small quantity of colloid and augmented blood supply, and there may be a limfoplasmocitar infiltrated.
Signs and symptoms of Plummer disease:
-Diffuse goiter;
- Thyrotoxicosis -Infiltrative orbitopathy: protrusion of the eyeballs due to enlarging bilateral retro bulbar tissue, over-and infra-orbital edema, congestion and swelling of the conjunctiva
-Infiltrative dermopathy with increased content of hyaluronic acid and condroitinsulfati: pretibial myxedema.
- Blast on gland listening. The data compression mechanics of formation Neighborhood: hoarseness, voice bitonic (due to compression nerve larynges appellant), dysphasia (due to compression of esophagus) syndrome Claude Bernard-Horner (miosis, exophthalmia, ptosis - due to compression inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion), dipnee (trachea due to compression), cyanosis and jugular turgor (due to jugular vein compression).
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