*Drug therapy for patients who suffer manifest Parkinson disease symptoms:

Drug treatment is usually in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The aim of medication is to compensate for the lack neurotransmitter – dopamine, which causes symptoms of the disease. Treatment is started, usually when symptoms lead to handicap person. Treatment may vary depending on symptoms, patient age, and depending on its response to drugs. Medicines can relieve symptoms, but a number of adverse effects. It takes time for the doctor to establish an effective combination of drugs, which take effect on each person. Today, levodopa is considered the most effective in controlling symptoms of Parkinson’s disease for many years was the preferred drug for the treatment of newly diagnosed Parkinson persons. However, due to its use for a long time and higher doses appeared a number of motor complications, which were difficult to treat.

A person in an advanced stage of disease is limited in terms of freedom of movement and conducting daily activities. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may change from day to day and adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment may limit its effectiveness. Your doctor will need to alter treatment based on changes that occur in disease symptoms. A speech therapist may recommend speech and breathing exercises that can help patients who have monotonous speech, imprecise, whispered, specify those affected by Parkinson’s, especially in the final stages.

There must be a modification in terms of nutrition, about what and how they eat. For example, they can eat standing up and eating little, and food has to be as easy to chew as possible. However the patient may exempt any food problems. Keeping your chin high, swallowing often and avoiding sweets may be reduced salivation. Muscular blocking can be solved by making deliberate movements. Moving to a fixed point on earth, making a first step in long march style can help overcome episodes of muscle stiffness.

As the disease progresses, symptoms become increasingly annoying. Most patients develop a tremor from easy to moderate. Movements are slow and limited due to muscle stiffness and slowing or loss of automatic reflexes (bradykinesia).

Treatment at this stage is weighed according to the severity of symptoms and adverse effects of drugs. The symptoms will change as the disease  passes through various developmental stages. The doctor will monitor the evolution of individual patient treatment and will change depending on the appearance of new symptoms. Levodopa is the most popular drug used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Still, it may have some adverse effects at high doses or after a long treatment. Your doctor may prescribe dopamine agonists, pramipexole or ropinirole such as to prepare the start of levodopa treatment. Recent studies have shown that these drugs can delay the occurrence of adverse effects of levodopa. Also, the doctor may prescribe dopamine agonists with levodopa in the same time.

At first, patients with Parkinson’s disease may not need treatment if symptoms are mild. Prescribing doctor may postpone treatment until the time symptoms are distressing and interfere with daily activities. Additional treatment methods such as exercise, physiotherapy and occupational therapy can help in all stages of Parkinson’s disease, especially in maintaining the tone, mobility and independence. If medication is needed, there are several options. Although levodopa is still considered the best medicine for Parkinson’s, its side effects (which include involuntary movements and other motor complications) may cause problems in the late stages of disease. Recent studies suggest that initial treatment with dopamine agonists pramipexole and ropinirole such as the need may delay starting treatment with levodopa and may thus delay the occurrence of side effects of it. Other nondopaminergice drugs that can be used in the early evolution of the disease are amantadine, mono-amine oxidize inhibitors (such as selegin) and anticholinergics (such as trihexifenidil).

The doctor together with the entire team that oversees the patient suffering from Parkinson’s can advise you on this in terms of emotional support and medical education specific to the disease. They are important at all stages of disease evolution. There is no treatment to stop the destruction of nerve cells that causes the disease. However, some medications can improve symptoms. Surgery may be also useful in treating the symptoms, but for a small number of people. Treatment is different for each person and may change as the disease evolves. Age, occupation, family and living conditions may influence decisions on starting treatment, its type and when to change medications. If health status changes and treatment should be adjusted to achieve a balance between quality of life, side effects of disease and treatment cost.

There are a number of measures to be taken by the person affected by Parkinson’s at home to make it easier to cope with symptoms. Patient should be advised to use their energy for activities strictly necessary and to design the house so that it is very easy to move any things you need to be at hand. All this will help you be an independent. Regular exercise, a balanced diet is important in the treatment. Exercise can help maintain tone, coordination and strength, but also in maintaining weight and reducing the potential for constipation. In terms of people with Parkinson’s diet is very important that they ask all the information on physician diet because protein intake may interfere with drug absorption and can change their effectiveness.

*Professional health consult:
It is best to consult your family doctor when symptoms of Parkinson’s disease appear. No need for emergency treatment when tremor lasts longer. However, it should be discussed with your doctor about the appearance of the tremor at the next consultation. If the tremor affects the daily activities of a person or if other symptoms occur, you must go to the doctor soon.

Patient description should answer the following questions:
- Tremor occurred suddenly or gradually?
- Led to his improvement or worsening?
- As part of the body was affected?
It is advisable to call emergency services if symptoms such as sudden weakness, paralysis, loss of balance, impaired speech or vision problems. These may be signs of a heart attack. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease usually develop slowly during several months.

Medical specialists recommend

The following health professionals can diagnose and treat Parkinson’s disease:
- GP;
- Doctor of internal medicine;
- Neurologist.
Other specialists that may be involved in tracking patient suffering from Parkinson’s are:
- Speech doctor;
- Physiotherapist;
- Occupational therapy specialist.

1. Early diagnosis
At the moment there is no screening test for Parkinson’s disease. Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is based on medical history and a thorough neurological exam.
2. Investigations
There are no laboratory tests to diagnose Parkinson’s disease. If the patient’s symptoms and results of a doctor during the consultation are not entirely typical of Parkinson’s disease you can do some tests to diagnose other conditions with similar symptoms. For example, blood tests can be done to see if somehow it is not a thyroid or liver disease. An MRI examination can be done to exclude a myocardial infarction or a tumor of the central nervous system.

Another imaging test called PET (positron emission tomography) can detect low levels of dopamine in the brain and can also be diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease. However, this investigation is not a usual because it is very expensive and not available in many hospitals, is still in experimental phase..

- Alzheimer’s disease. Confusion and memory loss similar to those in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease does not appear until late stages of Parkinson’s disease;
- Central nervous system lesions;
- Various thyroid disorders;
- Liver disease;
- Central nervous system infections (ex encephalitis);
- Brain tumors;
- Myocardial infarction;
- Carbon monoxide poisoning;
- Intoxication by heavy metals (such as manganese);
- Psychiatric disorder.

*Risk factors
Risk factors in this disease are difficult to identify because the disease is not known. Advanced age is the only known risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (not included early-onset Parkinson’s disease). Most debut after 50 years, although disease can occur in people between 30 and 50 years and even, in rare cases, the youth.
A very small number of people who have been diagnosed with this disease have a close relative suffering from Parkinson’s disease symptoms. It seems that a family history of Parkinson’s disease significantly increases the risk of disease from a family member. With family cases early onset Parkinson’s disease can be an important risk factor in illness and other family members, but it is a rare form.
Some studies have shown that prolonged exposure to certain environmental factors, such as pesticides, chemicals, using water from wells can increase the risk of disease, but until now this has not been demonstrated. There are many conditions that can develop Parkinsonism (a group of symptoms that include tremor, muscle rigidity, slower movements and balance disorders).

This article is about celiac disease symptoms in teenagers, because I have been asked by a friend to write it. What is celiac disease and what causes it? The digestive system is the set of organs that digests food and absorbs important nutrients the body needs to grow and stay healthy. An important part of the digestive system is the small intestine, which is lined with millions of microscopic projections called villi finger-shaped. The villi are the vehicles through which the body absorbs nutrients.

People with celiac disease have a disorder that causes a reaction to gluten, a type of protein found in many foods. When these people eat gluten, the immune system’s reaction to the protein gradually erodes and destroys the villi of the small intestine. When the villi are damaged, the body can not process the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to stay healthy. Therefore people with celiac disease are at risk of malnutrition and may develop anemia (decreased red blood cells due to lack of iron) or osteoporosis (brittle bones due to lack of calcium).

The body’s inability to absorb nutrients can also mean that teenagers with celiac disease may not grow to their full potential height. In addition, people with celiac disease may be more prone to developing other diseases such as thyroid disease, diabetes, lupus and certain cancers.

No one knows exactly why a person develops celiac disease, also known as celiac sprue, non tropical sprue or gluten enteropathy. However, the disease appears to be genetic, which means that it is common in a family. Same as eye color or hair, people inherit from their parents and grandparents the genes that make them more susceptible to developing celiac disease. If a relative has celiac disease, the probability that you also suffer from it is 10%.

Although celiac disease affects people of all origins, it seems to be more common among people whose ancestors came from northern Europe.

In the past, experts believed that celiac disease was rare in the United States. However, the study results published in early 2003 by the University Of Maryland Center for Celiac Research (Research Center for Celiac Disease at the University of Maryland) in Baltimore indicate that the disease is more widespread than previously thought.

Celiac disease symptoms in teenagers – The symptoms of Celiac disease are the same in children, teenagers and adults. It is important to diagnose celiac disease early before it causes too much damage to the intestine. But as it is easy to confuse the symptoms with other intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or lactose intolerance, for those adolescents with celiac disease do not know they have it.

Some common symptoms of celiac disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating and weight loss. People with the disease may feel tired, irritable or depressed. Some people suffering from the disease have skin rashes and mouth sores. The malnutrition that accompanies celiac disease can cause anemia and other problems associated with nutrition problems. The onset of puberty in adolescents with celiac disease could be delayed.

Also, unusual symptoms of gall bladder disease are hard to spot, because they are, as the name says, unusual. If you believe you are feeling unusual symptoms of gall bladder disease, then you should go to a doctor as soon as possible. Aside from that, here is a general description of a common gall bladder disease.

The shape and number of stones (there may be several hundred) differ from one individual to another. They can be as small as a grain of sand or as big as a golf ball. In about eight out of ten cases, the stones involve no discomfort. However, they can block the bile ducts that carry bile to the liver and intestines. If it can no longer be emptied, the gallbladder begins to swell, which can cause violent stomach pains. This is called biliary colic. When the stones do not cause colic, they are sometimes found incidentally during an ultrasound or CT scan of the abdomen.

Note that the intensity of symptoms does not depend on the size of the stones. Indeed, small stones can cause intense pain, and large stones go unnoticed. They may be too large, for example, to get out of the gallbladder and block the channels.

The gallbladder is a small sack located between the liver and intestine. It stores bile, a yellow liquid produced by the liver. During meals and at other times, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile, which then flows into a canal to the intestine where it helps digest fats.

Causes – Bile is composed primarily of water, bile salts (which, emulsifying fat, play an important role in digestion by the gut), cholesterol, phospholipids, pigments and electrolytes. The cholesterol gallstones are formed when:

Bile contains too much cholesterol; Bile does not contain enough bile salts; Gallbladder does not contract regularly (a “lazy” bladder). It is not known exactly what triggers the formation of gallbladder stones, but various risk factors have been identified, such as obesity and having given birth to several children. Note that there is no link between blood cholesterol and the concentration of cholesterol in bile.

Symptoms – In the vast majority of cases, gallstones do not cause symptoms or complications. During a fit – Biliary colic typically lasts 30 minutes to 4 hours. Here are the main symptoms. Intense pain is felt in the middle or upper right abdomen. The pain sometimes radiates to the shoulder and right shoulder blade. Nausea and vomiting. Signs of complications: in the presence of these symptoms, consult a doctor urgently. Fever. Jaundice. A very intense and sudden pain right side of the abdomen, which persists beyond six hours. Persistent vomiting.

Bile is made in the liver and the gallbladder stores and releases in a controlled manner to help the body digest fats. If the flow of bile is slowed or blocked then the ball bladder can become infected and inflamed. The gallbladder disease is a condition that affects men and women but a lot more grain than most women. There are many gallbladder disease symptoms, some to be consistently more common and severe pain in the upper abdomen that increases rapidly and lasts for several hours, under the right shoulder pain, nausea or vomiting, colic, belching, and indigestion.

There are actually several different diseases with which one can suffer from acute cholecystitis. It is an infection or inflammation of the gallbladder, causing pain and usually a fever as well. The pain experienced usually tends to get worse coughing and moving around and if you ever experience the symptoms of gallbladder disease you should get in to see your doctor as soon as possible.

Then there is also chronic cholecystitis, which is a chronic inflammation of the gallbladder and causes sporadic pain in the middle of upper abdominal pain that may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and the frequency and severity of attacks is variable. Attacks can be triggered by a variety of factors, including foods such as chocolate and cakes.

Jaundice is also considered to be one of the most common diseases of the gallbladder. It is a condition that can occur when there are gall stones present, and the earliest symptoms of the condition include the same as those associated with acute cholescystitis. Jaundice is caused when there is an obstruction to the flow of bile from the liver.

All diseases of the gallbladder are considered as being serious and can even be potentially dangerous if left untreated. It is important that you seek medical attention if you begin to experience any of the symptoms known here and that you get treatment as immediately as possible.

There are many treatments you can use to relieve symptoms associated with these diseases, even things you can do right at home. The attacks can usually be treated with the counter painkillers, and even do something as simple as putting something hot like a hot water bottle on your stomach- this can bring relief.

Vitamins and over the counter products can help with treating gall bladder problems such as vitamin A, vitamin C, garlic and ginkgo- these vitamins are more common. The deficiency of vitamin A may increase the risk of cancers of the lung, larynx, bladder, gall bladder, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum and prostate.

Vitamin C is nature’s protective nutrient, essential for defending the body against pollution and infection and enhances the body’s immune system. Take 1,000 to 5,000 mg daily. Garlic counteracts the usual result of high fats in the diet and helps reduce high blood pressure. Ginkgo further widens the blood vessels, increases circulation and speeds blood flow in the capillaries.

Differential diagnosis is made by the following elements: 1. Growth of lymphatic stasis; 2. Venous stasis; 3. Abnormal fat can be: A. minus (lipodystrophy) b. in excess of fat (located fatness). In this disease, sometimes extremely serious, legs and feet are swollen. The edema is initially depressed, the skin maintains its properties, the disease is painless, is accompanied by paresthesia, the sensation of tension and weight in the legs and feet. Symptoms of Dercum disease include: swelling of the lymph- characteristic fingers, which start looking like sausages. In more advanced stages, the lymph becomes hard, and often achieves asymmetric sizes (elephantiasis).

Lipodystrophy – Appears in various diseases or may be constitutional. Lipodystrophy is characterized by altering the distribution of fat tissue, with poor conjunctive support system, with the consequence of impaired vascular system. It is characterized by fibrosis tissues and their subsequent dehydration. The symptoms of Dercum disease accentuate with age and consists in losing fat masses in some favored areas, sometimes uneven, especially on the face, but not only. Arrangement of fat in the body is dictated by each type separately and is strongly dependent on sexual hormones.

Lipomatosis – It is a benign pathology, easily identified on ultrasound, and which can be removed only by surgery. Recidivism is possible. The exact cause which induces tumors it is not regarded as a known disorder. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is a genetic disease associated with diffuse lipomatosis represented by systematic increases of the body. Restrictive diet is welcomed in association with exercise programs.

Such a diagnosis is certainly incomplete and limited, other pathologists can cause symptoms that simulate cellulite, and this is why your target should be a specialist. All this demonstrated the importance of establishing accurate diagnosis before beginning any form of therapy.

There is no single type of cell, but several. There is no single treatment, but one integrated complex, comprising various methodologies. Surgical procedures should be combined with non-surgical, diet and physical exercises programs, so that the results are far superior.

Many beauty therapists or centers proposing improvement of aesthetic appearance especially by hot packing techniques, methods that promise to reduce inches in circumference. But you must be very careful, because this reduction is obtained by loss of water, often repeated therapies may lead to chronic dehydration of the tissue, with subsequent destruction of collagen and elastin fibers and early aging. This process is often irreversible.

It is therefore better to work in a team-surgeon, physical therapist, to talk together about diagnosis and treatment. And last but not least, this team should take into account the patients needs and desires regarding treatment and alternative treatment methods.

I will try tell you some of most common diseases that can occur in cats, as well as feline disease symptoms. Also, it is important that when you see these feline disease symptoms, you know how to solve them and how dangerous they are for your meowing friends.

What diseases can cats get? – Before you know which are the most common diseases, we need to do away with several myths. There are several problems with pompous names, which sound very serious and can scare the cat owners.

-Feline Leukemia (FeLV) is an incurable disease that affects only cats! It is not transmitted to humans and can not survive in the human body. If you have a cat diagnosed with Leukemia, you should know that there is no risk for you to get sick.

-Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) sounds very similar to Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Both viruses belong to the same class of viruses, which is the only similarity between the 2 disorders. FIV does not harm humans and can not cause AIDS. Some veterinarians have called FIV – feline AIDS to better explain the effects on the cats who are holders of the virus. Unfortunately, that name has scared people but the conclusion is the same: FIV is a specific disease, feline and human AIDS are two different types of diseases!

Also, the chances of a cat cold to be transmitted to humans are next to zero. The virus that causes cold in humans, sneezing, coughing, tired and bloodshot eyes stuffy and running nose, can not infect cats in the same way as any feline virus does not harm humans. In fact, cats may be diagnosed with human diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, but these diseases are not contagious so they can not be transmitted from cat to man!

The general mind frame of people, cats are less dangerous than dogs (when is the last time you saw a postman chased by a cat?) and their reputation of clean animals should gives the impression that they are healthy as bulls. In fact, many veterinary doctors would rather treat an angry dog than an angry cat (cats claw and scratch much worse than a dog). There are some diseases that can be transmitted from cats to humans.

-Fleas. These tiny insects feed on the blood of cats as well as that of humans. Fleas are so small that their bite is almost invisible (at first), but if the man and the cat are is allergic to fleas, every bite will be felt as an injection after which it will irritate the area.

There are concerns about diseases that can be transmitted through fleas but that would mean that the fleas have bitten a healthy person after biting an ill person, and the odds are against that. In most cases, the effects of flea bites are nothing more than itchiness and perhaps a rash. End of part one. (part two, coming soon)