Eye Disease Symptoms
Published on Mar 31 2010, in the categories: symptoms
Eye diseases are classified according to the organ affected and are divided into diseases of the eyelids, cornea, retina, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva, iris and lens. The most common refractive defects are: myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism. The perfectly with myopia see nearby objects, but have difficulty focusing on distant objects.
The sighted have problems with both near objects and distant objects, with astigmatism do not have the right perception of depth, while the sighted have difficulty to focus quickly.
Also very frequent diseases of the conjunctiva: conjunctivitis is the most common infections affecting the eye. The conjunctivitis can be bacterial, viral or allergic. The eye disease symptoms are hyperemia (red eyes, bloodshot), lacrimal secretions, blurred surface of the pupil, the formation of follicles or growths on the sides of the conjunctiva. When the inflammation is more aggressive bacterial organisms may lead to the formation of follicles, ulcers and granulomas.
The pinguecola is instead caused by inadequate nutrition of the blood vessels of the eye and overexposure to weather occurs with the formation of an excrescence yellowish nasal side of the cornea. It is a disease that primarily affects the elderly and surgical care.
Glaucoma is a condition affecting the optic nerve. When the eye suffers from glaucoma certain nerve cells die, causing visual disorders: the view is disturbed by dark spots (scotomas) that increase to almost total blindness if the disease is not limited. Even with appropriate treatment glaucoma will always remain, but can be kept under control. Advanced age, myopia, diabetes and inheritance are among the most frequent causes of an outbreak of this disease.
A cataract is nell'opacizzazione instead of the lens, which leads to progressive vision loss. It is more common with age, but there are also cases of cataracts at a younger age. The view is blurred perhé the lens filters may well fail to light that reaches the retina uniformly.
Diseases of the eyelids are varied. One of the most common is the sty, an abscess that was born inside or outside edge of the eyelid, caused by infection of the glands surrounding curable with compresses, eye drops, ointments, and in severe cases, a small incision.
Very common is also the blepharospasm, which consists of involuntary contractions of the orbicularis muscle and causes flicker of the eyelid. It is generally caused by stress and requires no cure, treatment of simple muscle contractions.
Blepharitis is an inflammation that occurs with hand peeling of the skin that surrounds the eye, oily debris and possible swelling, redness around the eyes. This type of disease can be caused by untreated vision problems, diabetes or rheumatic problems and allergies.
More serious is the lagophthalmos, a disease that prevents the complete closure of the eyelids. It can be caused by temporary paralysis, birth defects or dall'ectropion, another disease characterized dall'eversione eyelid eyelid, resulting in fatigue and overexposure of the conjunctival surface. The treatment is the same for the two diseases and is a minor surgery to correct the position.
Diabetic retinopathy is directly related to diabetes. The diabetes have a higher concentration of blood sugar normal. This causes changes and thickening of blood vessels, especially capillaries, which prevents the normal functioning tissue oxygenation. Even the retina, rich in capillaries, is therefore subject to problems with diabetes. The eye disease symptoms are not immediately visible with the disease progresses you may experience thrombosis, vision loss, blurring, bleeding.
The sighted have problems with both near objects and distant objects, with astigmatism do not have the right perception of depth, while the sighted have difficulty to focus quickly.
Also very frequent diseases of the conjunctiva: conjunctivitis is the most common infections affecting the eye. The conjunctivitis can be bacterial, viral or allergic. The eye disease symptoms are hyperemia (red eyes, bloodshot), lacrimal secretions, blurred surface of the pupil, the formation of follicles or growths on the sides of the conjunctiva. When the inflammation is more aggressive bacterial organisms may lead to the formation of follicles, ulcers and granulomas.
The pinguecola is instead caused by inadequate nutrition of the blood vessels of the eye and overexposure to weather occurs with the formation of an excrescence yellowish nasal side of the cornea. It is a disease that primarily affects the elderly and surgical care.
Glaucoma is a condition affecting the optic nerve. When the eye suffers from glaucoma certain nerve cells die, causing visual disorders: the view is disturbed by dark spots (scotomas) that increase to almost total blindness if the disease is not limited. Even with appropriate treatment glaucoma will always remain, but can be kept under control. Advanced age, myopia, diabetes and inheritance are among the most frequent causes of an outbreak of this disease.
A cataract is nell'opacizzazione instead of the lens, which leads to progressive vision loss. It is more common with age, but there are also cases of cataracts at a younger age. The view is blurred perhé the lens filters may well fail to light that reaches the retina uniformly.
Diseases of the eyelids are varied. One of the most common is the sty, an abscess that was born inside or outside edge of the eyelid, caused by infection of the glands surrounding curable with compresses, eye drops, ointments, and in severe cases, a small incision.
Very common is also the blepharospasm, which consists of involuntary contractions of the orbicularis muscle and causes flicker of the eyelid. It is generally caused by stress and requires no cure, treatment of simple muscle contractions.
Blepharitis is an inflammation that occurs with hand peeling of the skin that surrounds the eye, oily debris and possible swelling, redness around the eyes. This type of disease can be caused by untreated vision problems, diabetes or rheumatic problems and allergies.
More serious is the lagophthalmos, a disease that prevents the complete closure of the eyelids. It can be caused by temporary paralysis, birth defects or dall'ectropion, another disease characterized dall'eversione eyelid eyelid, resulting in fatigue and overexposure of the conjunctival surface. The treatment is the same for the two diseases and is a minor surgery to correct the position.
Diabetic retinopathy is directly related to diabetes. The diabetes have a higher concentration of blood sugar normal. This causes changes and thickening of blood vessels, especially capillaries, which prevents the normal functioning tissue oxygenation. Even the retina, rich in capillaries, is therefore subject to problems with diabetes. The eye disease symptoms are not immediately visible with the disease progresses you may experience thrombosis, vision loss, blurring, bleeding.
Signs Symptoms Of Disease
Published on Mar 31 2010, in the categories: symptoms
Here is a letter received in writing by a reader with its annotation, research and views on the causes of ALS neuromuscular disease.
"After a search to understand the causes of neurodegenerative diseases have guessed this plausible reality: the cause of neuromuscular disease ALS, is the lack of oxygen to the brain, namely: the reduction of compensation of oxygen to the cerebral cortex motor, which constantly evaluate, quantify, and store their own blood supply, its oxygenation, became later (through its system of self), employee compensation of oxygen that gets doing any intense physical activity, strenuous and continuous over time.
Explain: With the investigation of the Turin prosecutor Raffaele Guariniello we heard that former football players get sick of ALS six times more than the average of other people, this survey was for me an extraordinary confirmation of what I had already guessed because some evidence indicates that now describe.
First show: the symptoms of ALS appear always after a certain time, usually several years after the end of football; the disease never affects athletes while engaged in the same sport.
Second show: goalkeepers do not ever get sick of ALS, the reason for this immunity is clear, the goalkeeper does not include the race, and their cerebral cortex motors are not needed strong compensation of oxygen.
In fact, players who fall ill with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are the athletes who run more, too tiring, without granting the necessary breaks, breathing incorrectly.
When the athletes running exceed certain limits, their motor cortex neurons require a considerable amount of oxygen these demands for more oxygen is compensated by self-regulation system that has the brain for its blood supply, its oxygenation.
Motor neuron activity is more intense, the greater must be the compensation for oxygen, allowing the neurons in the motor cortex to generate pulses that are transmitted to cells of the spinal muscles operate.
As long as the football player has been in operation, his motor cortex may receive significant compensation of oxygen, but when the athlete completing the sport does not fit with a constant and gradual exercise, the compensation for oxygen is reduced, but Cerebral Motor Cortex Neurons of their being dependent oxygenation obtained compensation for a long time, they can adapt to a lesser amount of oxygen, motor neurons will deteriorate slowly and no longer generate the pulses which activate the muscles, causing progressive muscular atrophy which indicates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Thus we understand that other people sick ALS without being football players, have done any strenuous physical activity, mobility, continuous, because of which have caused the same dependence on oxygen supply to the motor cortex, ending then dramatically intense physical activity for long, their motor neurons will undergo the same reduction of oxygen causes compensatory after some time the ALS. So we know that when you practice an intense and prolonged physical and motor, are indispensable appropriate pauses, breathing properly, then deciding to end it, you should continue gradually with a slight but steady exercise in this way can avoid ALS.
Signs and symptoms of disease ALS
The initial signs and symptoms of disease ALS are: muscle weakness in legs and arms, difficulty in swallowing and breathing as well as speaking, twitching and shortness of breath.
"After a search to understand the causes of neurodegenerative diseases have guessed this plausible reality: the cause of neuromuscular disease ALS, is the lack of oxygen to the brain, namely: the reduction of compensation of oxygen to the cerebral cortex motor, which constantly evaluate, quantify, and store their own blood supply, its oxygenation, became later (through its system of self), employee compensation of oxygen that gets doing any intense physical activity, strenuous and continuous over time.
Explain: With the investigation of the Turin prosecutor Raffaele Guariniello we heard that former football players get sick of ALS six times more than the average of other people, this survey was for me an extraordinary confirmation of what I had already guessed because some evidence indicates that now describe.
First show: the symptoms of ALS appear always after a certain time, usually several years after the end of football; the disease never affects athletes while engaged in the same sport.
Second show: goalkeepers do not ever get sick of ALS, the reason for this immunity is clear, the goalkeeper does not include the race, and their cerebral cortex motors are not needed strong compensation of oxygen.
In fact, players who fall ill with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are the athletes who run more, too tiring, without granting the necessary breaks, breathing incorrectly.
When the athletes running exceed certain limits, their motor cortex neurons require a considerable amount of oxygen these demands for more oxygen is compensated by self-regulation system that has the brain for its blood supply, its oxygenation.
Motor neuron activity is more intense, the greater must be the compensation for oxygen, allowing the neurons in the motor cortex to generate pulses that are transmitted to cells of the spinal muscles operate.
As long as the football player has been in operation, his motor cortex may receive significant compensation of oxygen, but when the athlete completing the sport does not fit with a constant and gradual exercise, the compensation for oxygen is reduced, but Cerebral Motor Cortex Neurons of their being dependent oxygenation obtained compensation for a long time, they can adapt to a lesser amount of oxygen, motor neurons will deteriorate slowly and no longer generate the pulses which activate the muscles, causing progressive muscular atrophy which indicates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Thus we understand that other people sick ALS without being football players, have done any strenuous physical activity, mobility, continuous, because of which have caused the same dependence on oxygen supply to the motor cortex, ending then dramatically intense physical activity for long, their motor neurons will undergo the same reduction of oxygen causes compensatory after some time the ALS. So we know that when you practice an intense and prolonged physical and motor, are indispensable appropriate pauses, breathing properly, then deciding to end it, you should continue gradually with a slight but steady exercise in this way can avoid ALS.
Signs and symptoms of disease ALS
The initial signs and symptoms of disease ALS are: muscle weakness in legs and arms, difficulty in swallowing and breathing as well as speaking, twitching and shortness of breath.
Lung Disease Symptoms
Published on Mar 30 2010, in the categories: symptoms
I have seen a lot of people are interested in lung disease symptoms. I decided to write therefore an article on lung disease symptoms, but in a less medical way. This is why I decided to write about smoking and the effects of smoking on the body. Smoking will not only damage your lungs, but also other parts of your body.
Smoking causes serious damage to the body. The only "comforting" thing that we can draw on the smoking cessation: who will stop constantly decreases the risks associated with these diseases, so that after 10 years is comparable to that of those who have never smoked.
Substances generated by burning cigarettes (you can check the composition of a cigarette), can cause serious damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems (heart with repercussions, cerebral, and peripheral arterial circulation), hemoglobin, oral cavity and larynx, the first section of the upper digestive tract, placenta and fetus, urogenital system, pancreas.
Here are some of the effects of smoking on the respiratory system:
-Deterioration in the functioning of the mucus-cycle, with the possibility of infection and inflammation).
-Reduction due to reduced immune cell activity of lymphocytes and macrophages, with a worsening of control of infection.
-Accentuated release of harmful enzymes that cause the destruction of lung parenchyma that it can be concluded in emphysema.
-Increase in bronchial asthma and manifestations.
-Premature aging of the pulmonary system.
-Processing of cellular DNA, cellular transformations, transformation and tumor tissue dysplasia tissue.
We will continue with the damage smoking can cause on your circulatory system:
-Increased heart rate and blood pressure in the placing of circulating catecholamines caused by nicotine.
-Inadequate oxygenation of the myocardium because of concentrations of corbossiemoglobina; polycythemia due to carbon monoxide.
- Increased platelet and blood coagulation as a direct action of nicotine.
-Placing increased noradrenaline with adrenergic discharges, if these stimuli coincide with a period of ventricular vulnerability, can lead to sudden death.
Here are the damaging effects of smoking on the oral cavity and upper digestive tract:
- The stimuli responsible for irritating disorders described above also act on the upper airways, the mouth and the esophagus. Therefore, the smoker is subject to pharyngitis and laryngitis, acute and chronic, dysplasia of the lip and oral cavity, larynx and esophagus and, last but not least, malignant tumors.
-Smoking facilitates the occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcer.
Moreover, a pregnant woman can cause damage not only to her, but to her fetus as well by smoking. The baby will not develop properly if the mother smokes during pregnancy and the baby can actually die in severe cases. Another great risk is that the baby can be born with serious diseases and infections of the respiratory system.
Endocrine effects and metabolism
-Increased blood levels of catecholamines growth hormone, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin and beta-endorphins.
-Early menopause in women with higher frequency of osteoporosis.
-Smokers tend to have 3-5 kg less than non smokers.
-The carbon monoxide content in the smoke, by binding with hemoglobin forms the carboxyhemoglobin, so in the presence of even low levels of carbon monoxide in the air, determine measurable values of carboxyhemoglobin in the body (no need for transport of ' oxygen).
-The bone marrow may be over stimulated leading to polycythemia.
-The skin takes on a gray color, loses its elasticity and is withered and aged.
Smoking causes serious damage to the body. The only "comforting" thing that we can draw on the smoking cessation: who will stop constantly decreases the risks associated with these diseases, so that after 10 years is comparable to that of those who have never smoked.
Substances generated by burning cigarettes (you can check the composition of a cigarette), can cause serious damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems (heart with repercussions, cerebral, and peripheral arterial circulation), hemoglobin, oral cavity and larynx, the first section of the upper digestive tract, placenta and fetus, urogenital system, pancreas.
Here are some of the effects of smoking on the respiratory system:
-Deterioration in the functioning of the mucus-cycle, with the possibility of infection and inflammation).
-Reduction due to reduced immune cell activity of lymphocytes and macrophages, with a worsening of control of infection.
-Accentuated release of harmful enzymes that cause the destruction of lung parenchyma that it can be concluded in emphysema.
-Increase in bronchial asthma and manifestations.
-Premature aging of the pulmonary system.
-Processing of cellular DNA, cellular transformations, transformation and tumor tissue dysplasia tissue.
We will continue with the damage smoking can cause on your circulatory system:
-Increased heart rate and blood pressure in the placing of circulating catecholamines caused by nicotine.
-Inadequate oxygenation of the myocardium because of concentrations of corbossiemoglobina; polycythemia due to carbon monoxide.
- Increased platelet and blood coagulation as a direct action of nicotine.
-Placing increased noradrenaline with adrenergic discharges, if these stimuli coincide with a period of ventricular vulnerability, can lead to sudden death.
Here are the damaging effects of smoking on the oral cavity and upper digestive tract:
- The stimuli responsible for irritating disorders described above also act on the upper airways, the mouth and the esophagus. Therefore, the smoker is subject to pharyngitis and laryngitis, acute and chronic, dysplasia of the lip and oral cavity, larynx and esophagus and, last but not least, malignant tumors.
-Smoking facilitates the occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcer.
Moreover, a pregnant woman can cause damage not only to her, but to her fetus as well by smoking. The baby will not develop properly if the mother smokes during pregnancy and the baby can actually die in severe cases. Another great risk is that the baby can be born with serious diseases and infections of the respiratory system.
Endocrine effects and metabolism
-Increased blood levels of catecholamines growth hormone, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin and beta-endorphins.
-Early menopause in women with higher frequency of osteoporosis.
-Smokers tend to have 3-5 kg less than non smokers.
-The carbon monoxide content in the smoke, by binding with hemoglobin forms the carboxyhemoglobin, so in the presence of even low levels of carbon monoxide in the air, determine measurable values of carboxyhemoglobin in the body (no need for transport of ' oxygen).
-The bone marrow may be over stimulated leading to polycythemia.
-The skin takes on a gray color, loses its elasticity and is withered and aged.
Digestive Disease Symptoms
Published on Mar 30 2010, in the categories: Diggestive Affections
Eating a sandwich in a hurry after a stressful morning at work, a meal full of flavor but also of fats and sugars into a special occasion, drinking endless cups of coffee to stay alert and not feel tired during an exam or a big job, or, more simply, a life that just will not go the right way ... it takes very little to destroy our stomach. Some of the most common digestive disease symptoms are heaviness, somnolence, and acidity (especially after meals). All these digestive disease symptoms will eventually influence and change the quality of our life.
According to the statistics, at least one in four people suffer from dyspepsia, which of those little problems, symptoms of a slow or incomplete digestion, ranging from a vague sense of heaviness to drowsiness, mild nausea, associated very frequently with somnolence, headache, and irritability, decreased intellectual performance as attention, concentration and memory.
And, according to recent studies, these symptoms and problems affect more and more people, In Italy, Great Britain, Norway and the United States, the community of dyspeptic is between 20% and 40% of the population. However, few people pay attention to these signals, to analyze the origins, and then make use of simple remedies, correct and functional.
Many and varied are the causes of indigestion: poor nutrition, alcohol abuse, poor or inadequate mastication, the rapid increase or decrease in temperature immediately after a meal, stress or particularly strong emotions. How to intervene? Periodically observe a day or two of light diet for "deflate" is not the correct solution. Correcting our eating habits and our approach to food, adopt a healthier lifestyle and quiet and uses little "tricks" save-digestion is the most effective therapy to overcome the feeling of heaviness, sleepiness, bloating after that afflict of meal.
"Those who suffer from dyspepsia should follow a diet that reduces stomach acid secretion and to avoid excessive mechanical distension of the stomach wall. We should therefore limit foods such as bread crumbs, beans, fermented cheeses, sausages, and fried, dried fruit and spirits, “says Lydia Soletti, specializing in Surgery of the Digestive Tract and Digestive Endoscopy”.
It’s also useful to pay attention to certain behaviors to table, like chewing slowly, avoid too spaced meals, use cooking techniques to read, put a little seasoning after cooking, avoid sudden changes in temperature while you dine. Finally, after particularly heavy or large meals, a good habit is to use a non-alcoholic digestive juice made from baking soda, specifically to combat the symptoms of indigestion. "
As you can see, the stomach is also a very important part of our bodies and we need to take good care of it. Every time you feel bad, your body is transmitting a signal that something is wrong and you need to take action. The best thing to do is go and see a doctor, because they can tell you more accurate what is going on. If you want to avoid the doctor, than start eating healthy and be careful what you drink and how much you eat.
According to the statistics, at least one in four people suffer from dyspepsia, which of those little problems, symptoms of a slow or incomplete digestion, ranging from a vague sense of heaviness to drowsiness, mild nausea, associated very frequently with somnolence, headache, and irritability, decreased intellectual performance as attention, concentration and memory.
And, according to recent studies, these symptoms and problems affect more and more people, In Italy, Great Britain, Norway and the United States, the community of dyspeptic is between 20% and 40% of the population. However, few people pay attention to these signals, to analyze the origins, and then make use of simple remedies, correct and functional.
Many and varied are the causes of indigestion: poor nutrition, alcohol abuse, poor or inadequate mastication, the rapid increase or decrease in temperature immediately after a meal, stress or particularly strong emotions. How to intervene? Periodically observe a day or two of light diet for "deflate" is not the correct solution. Correcting our eating habits and our approach to food, adopt a healthier lifestyle and quiet and uses little "tricks" save-digestion is the most effective therapy to overcome the feeling of heaviness, sleepiness, bloating after that afflict of meal.
"Those who suffer from dyspepsia should follow a diet that reduces stomach acid secretion and to avoid excessive mechanical distension of the stomach wall. We should therefore limit foods such as bread crumbs, beans, fermented cheeses, sausages, and fried, dried fruit and spirits, “says Lydia Soletti, specializing in Surgery of the Digestive Tract and Digestive Endoscopy”.
It’s also useful to pay attention to certain behaviors to table, like chewing slowly, avoid too spaced meals, use cooking techniques to read, put a little seasoning after cooking, avoid sudden changes in temperature while you dine. Finally, after particularly heavy or large meals, a good habit is to use a non-alcoholic digestive juice made from baking soda, specifically to combat the symptoms of indigestion. "
As you can see, the stomach is also a very important part of our bodies and we need to take good care of it. Every time you feel bad, your body is transmitting a signal that something is wrong and you need to take action. The best thing to do is go and see a doctor, because they can tell you more accurate what is going on. If you want to avoid the doctor, than start eating healthy and be careful what you drink and how much you eat.
Disease Signs And Symptoms
Published on Mar 29 2010, in the categories: symptoms
Malignant skin tumors are different in shape. Especially frequent is the basalioma (or basal cell carcinoma epithelioma), followed by spinalioma (squamous epithelioma). Rarer, but more known and dangerous is melanoma. Malignant skin tumors have been relatively slow and are largely treatable if detected early and then treated promptly.
Impact
The number of melanomas in the world has doubled in the last 10 years. Occur in Italy every year is between 6 and 9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Other skin cancers are malignant melanomas much more frequent (about 50 times more).
Melanoma predominantly affects those aged between 30 and 60 years, while basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas do not spare young people (aged 20 and over).
Melanoma strikes people loved freckled, skin, hair and light eyes. In Alpine countries, melanoma is about 5 or 6 times more frequent in Mediterranean countries.
Melanoma disease signs and symptoms
In the early stages, the melanoma disease signs and symptoms consist of a small round spot of skin color or pink. It manifests itself in various forms and can affect any part of the body, but instead the head (the eyes or nose, for example). In the final stages of cancer has a yellowish color and is composed of an ulcer that destroys surrounding tissue. The melanoma usually affects people over 45 years.
The warts are rough, tough and covered with scabs. Arise with particular frequency on the face, neck and hands. Are affected mostly people over 55 years.
The melanoma is dark brown and between black or blue. It can affect any body part, but preferably the trunk in men and torso and legs in women. Melanoma can also occur under the nails of fingers and toes and also the mucous membranes, albeit rarely. Approximately one third of malignant melanoma develops from within.
Causes of melanoma
The proliferation of various skin cancers are skin cells. The melanoma develops from basal cells, located in the squamous cell carcinoma from the outer layers of cells. Melanoma originates in the pigment cells.
There are several causes of these malignancies. Among these was a major part of the continued exposure to sunlight. The ultraviolet (UV), invisible to us, may cause damage in the DNA of skin cells that can repair itself but also transform some cell cancer and cause an uncontrolled proliferation.
The individual reactions to sunlight (UV) are obviously very different.
In addition to sunlight (UV), there are other factors contributing to the development of epitheliomas: carcinogens, ionizing radiation (e.g. X-rays).
Prevention and early diagnosis
The skin tumors are visible. Early diagnosis is therefore, in principle, almost always quite easy. This allows early intervention and, consequently, a higher probability of healing, especially in cases of melanoma.
Specialists believe that it is necessary to take regular controls of your skin in order to detect and prevent any problems. If you have a melanoma, periodically check their appearance: alone (look in the mirror to identify any changes), with the help of a family (for points not visible) or by consulting a dermatologist.
Impact
The number of melanomas in the world has doubled in the last 10 years. Occur in Italy every year is between 6 and 9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Other skin cancers are malignant melanomas much more frequent (about 50 times more).
Melanoma predominantly affects those aged between 30 and 60 years, while basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas do not spare young people (aged 20 and over).
Melanoma strikes people loved freckled, skin, hair and light eyes. In Alpine countries, melanoma is about 5 or 6 times more frequent in Mediterranean countries.
Melanoma disease signs and symptoms
In the early stages, the melanoma disease signs and symptoms consist of a small round spot of skin color or pink. It manifests itself in various forms and can affect any part of the body, but instead the head (the eyes or nose, for example). In the final stages of cancer has a yellowish color and is composed of an ulcer that destroys surrounding tissue. The melanoma usually affects people over 45 years.
The warts are rough, tough and covered with scabs. Arise with particular frequency on the face, neck and hands. Are affected mostly people over 55 years.
The melanoma is dark brown and between black or blue. It can affect any body part, but preferably the trunk in men and torso and legs in women. Melanoma can also occur under the nails of fingers and toes and also the mucous membranes, albeit rarely. Approximately one third of malignant melanoma develops from within.
Causes of melanoma
The proliferation of various skin cancers are skin cells. The melanoma develops from basal cells, located in the squamous cell carcinoma from the outer layers of cells. Melanoma originates in the pigment cells.
There are several causes of these malignancies. Among these was a major part of the continued exposure to sunlight. The ultraviolet (UV), invisible to us, may cause damage in the DNA of skin cells that can repair itself but also transform some cell cancer and cause an uncontrolled proliferation.
The individual reactions to sunlight (UV) are obviously very different.
In addition to sunlight (UV), there are other factors contributing to the development of epitheliomas: carcinogens, ionizing radiation (e.g. X-rays).
Prevention and early diagnosis
The skin tumors are visible. Early diagnosis is therefore, in principle, almost always quite easy. This allows early intervention and, consequently, a higher probability of healing, especially in cases of melanoma.
Specialists believe that it is necessary to take regular controls of your skin in order to detect and prevent any problems. If you have a melanoma, periodically check their appearance: alone (look in the mirror to identify any changes), with the help of a family (for points not visible) or by consulting a dermatologist.
Cushing’s Disease Symptoms
Published on Mar 29 2010, in the categories: Cushing's
What is Cushing's syndrome?
Cushing's syndrome is the clinical picture resulting from an overproduction of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal gland, the endocrine gland located on the upper pole of the kidney. This is a very serious disease and predominantly affects women between 20 and 40 years of age.
What are the causes of Cushing's syndrome?
Very often the syndrome is supported by an excess of production, by a benign pituitary tumor, the hormone ACTH, which normally regulates the endocrine function of the adrenal gland, but there are also other pathological conditions that can determine the presence of high levels of cortisol in the patient’s blood.
Some of the causes of Cushing’s syndrome are:
Proliferation of adrenal tissue
A by excess production of ACTH
1. Alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary function
2. ACTH secreting pituitary tumor
An excess production of ACTH or CRH from an endocrine tumor (e.g. Lung cancer)
Adrenal tumors
In adenoma (benign)
Carcinoma (malignant)
Side effects of medical treatment:
Prolonged treatment with high doses of steroids as anti-inflammatory
Long term treatment with ACTH
Corticosteroid therapy is often used to treat the chronic inflammatory processes.
The use of steroids is often essential, for example, in treating asthma and ulcerative colitis. Patients treated with high doses of steroids may develop the clinical picture of Cushing's syndrome and present a typical appearance. Until Cushing’s disease symptoms resolve completely disappear with dose reduction and interruption of treatment.
Alcoholics develop a condition called pseudo –Cushing: the characteristic redness of the face.
What are the Cushing's disease symptoms?
Cushing's syndrome is manifested in a characteristic way, with:
· Façades full moon
· Facial Redness
Obesity · localized mainly in the abdomen and face
· Stacking of fat on the upper back
Slimming · progressive limb
· Reddish in the abdomen
· Low muscle mass and strength loss
· Headache
· Backache
· Acne, seborrhea
· Increased thirst and urination
· Impotence
· Menstrual disorders
· Osteoporosis
· Hypertension
· Growth disorders in children
· Increase of unwanted hair on face and body in women
In addition to the signs and symptoms, patients with Cushing's syndrome can often make changes in mood, with a tendency to depression, to real events psychotic.
How does the doctor make the diagnosis?
The diagnosis of a full-blown framework is fairly straightforward. Not so easy is the early recognition of patients with Cushing's syndrome.
The suspect is generally asked by the family doctor based on a thorough medical examination. Subsequently, the patient is directed to a specialist endocrinologist.
The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of high levels of cortisol in the blood and urine analysis after a specific suppression test (inhibition test with dexamethasone).
Further investigations are also necessary hormonal and instrumental to define the cause that led to the emergence of the syndrome.
Possible complications:
· Diabetes
· Hypertension
· Easy to infection
· Phenomena of bone fractures for osteoporosis
· Disorders related to the expansion of a possible pituitary tumor
Cushing's syndrome is the clinical picture resulting from an overproduction of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal gland, the endocrine gland located on the upper pole of the kidney. This is a very serious disease and predominantly affects women between 20 and 40 years of age.
What are the causes of Cushing's syndrome?
Very often the syndrome is supported by an excess of production, by a benign pituitary tumor, the hormone ACTH, which normally regulates the endocrine function of the adrenal gland, but there are also other pathological conditions that can determine the presence of high levels of cortisol in the patient’s blood.
Some of the causes of Cushing’s syndrome are:
Proliferation of adrenal tissue
A by excess production of ACTH
1. Alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary function
2. ACTH secreting pituitary tumor
An excess production of ACTH or CRH from an endocrine tumor (e.g. Lung cancer)
Adrenal tumors
In adenoma (benign)
Carcinoma (malignant)
Side effects of medical treatment:
Prolonged treatment with high doses of steroids as anti-inflammatory
Long term treatment with ACTH
Corticosteroid therapy is often used to treat the chronic inflammatory processes.
The use of steroids is often essential, for example, in treating asthma and ulcerative colitis. Patients treated with high doses of steroids may develop the clinical picture of Cushing's syndrome and present a typical appearance. Until Cushing’s disease symptoms resolve completely disappear with dose reduction and interruption of treatment.
Alcoholics develop a condition called pseudo –Cushing: the characteristic redness of the face.
What are the Cushing's disease symptoms?
Cushing's syndrome is manifested in a characteristic way, with:
· Façades full moon
· Facial Redness
Obesity · localized mainly in the abdomen and face
· Stacking of fat on the upper back
Slimming · progressive limb
· Reddish in the abdomen
· Low muscle mass and strength loss
· Headache
· Backache
· Acne, seborrhea
· Increased thirst and urination
· Impotence
· Menstrual disorders
· Osteoporosis
· Hypertension
· Growth disorders in children
· Increase of unwanted hair on face and body in women
In addition to the signs and symptoms, patients with Cushing's syndrome can often make changes in mood, with a tendency to depression, to real events psychotic.
How does the doctor make the diagnosis?
The diagnosis of a full-blown framework is fairly straightforward. Not so easy is the early recognition of patients with Cushing's syndrome.
The suspect is generally asked by the family doctor based on a thorough medical examination. Subsequently, the patient is directed to a specialist endocrinologist.
The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of high levels of cortisol in the blood and urine analysis after a specific suppression test (inhibition test with dexamethasone).
Further investigations are also necessary hormonal and instrumental to define the cause that led to the emergence of the syndrome.
Possible complications:
· Diabetes
· Hypertension
· Easy to infection
· Phenomena of bone fractures for osteoporosis
· Disorders related to the expansion of a possible pituitary tumor
Symptoms Of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Published on Mar 27 2010, in the categories: Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholism is a disease that affects a lot of people nowadays. Alcoholics are predisposed to several diseases due to alcohol, like liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. I decided to write an article on liver cirrhosis, because I saw people were interested in symptoms of alcoholic liver disease. The symptoms of alcoholic liver disease can be many and have several answers, but today I will discuss the liver cirrhosis.
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects the liver. The evolution of the disease is slow and gradual and sometimes, the patients might discover the problem too late. If you are interested in knowing what happens, here is your answer: the healthy cells of the liver are replaced by scar tissue that looks like nodules. The result is that you lose the relationship between the cells and you destroy the most important organ in your body.
The alteration of the structure prevents the liver to perform its routine duties, this body has a very important role both in the digestion of food, both in drug metabolism and production of proteins, including those involved in blood clotting. In Italy it is estimated that approximately one million people are affected. 3-4% of patients each year develop liver cancer. Only 30% of patients survive more than 5 years after diagnosis. The final solution is represented by a liver transplant.
The causes of cirrhosis
The main causes of cirrhosis are hepatitis (B, C and D and autoimmune hepatitis). Another cause of cirrhosis is, of course, the abuse of alcoholic drinks. Think about this before you drink more alcohol.
Also among the reasons there may also be taking some drugs and chemicals. There are other less common causes, including alterations in the metabolism of iron, copper and glycogen, primary biliary cirrhosis, obstruction of the venous outflow of the liver. If a clinical examination gives rise to the suspicion of being in front of cirrhosis, the diagnosis can be confirmed by blood tests. You can also use ultrasound, and sometimes a liver biopsy to take samples of liver tissue for analysis.
The effects of cirrhosis and the appropriate therapy
Cirrhosis can cause ascites (fluid in the abdomen), hypertension of the portal vein leading to hemorrhage for the rupture of esophageal or gastric veins, complete liver failure and liver cancer.
The liver damage is not reversible, but the therapy can relieve and control symptoms. The remedies are the most common diuretics (against water retention), vitamins and minerals, attention to adequate food, laxatives.
Furthermore, in case of bleeding we can speak with great effectiveness, the sick you have a state of hypertension of the portal vein and blood is diverted esophageal veins that dilate are eroded by acid juices of the stomach and eventually cause the hemorrhage, which can however be blocked by injecting sclerosing liquid or elastic ligatures. The hypertension of the portal vein can also be cured with drug therapy (beta-blockers) or surgical (intrahepatic stent).
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects the liver. The evolution of the disease is slow and gradual and sometimes, the patients might discover the problem too late. If you are interested in knowing what happens, here is your answer: the healthy cells of the liver are replaced by scar tissue that looks like nodules. The result is that you lose the relationship between the cells and you destroy the most important organ in your body.
The alteration of the structure prevents the liver to perform its routine duties, this body has a very important role both in the digestion of food, both in drug metabolism and production of proteins, including those involved in blood clotting. In Italy it is estimated that approximately one million people are affected. 3-4% of patients each year develop liver cancer. Only 30% of patients survive more than 5 years after diagnosis. The final solution is represented by a liver transplant.
The causes of cirrhosis
The main causes of cirrhosis are hepatitis (B, C and D and autoimmune hepatitis). Another cause of cirrhosis is, of course, the abuse of alcoholic drinks. Think about this before you drink more alcohol.
Also among the reasons there may also be taking some drugs and chemicals. There are other less common causes, including alterations in the metabolism of iron, copper and glycogen, primary biliary cirrhosis, obstruction of the venous outflow of the liver. If a clinical examination gives rise to the suspicion of being in front of cirrhosis, the diagnosis can be confirmed by blood tests. You can also use ultrasound, and sometimes a liver biopsy to take samples of liver tissue for analysis.
The effects of cirrhosis and the appropriate therapy
Cirrhosis can cause ascites (fluid in the abdomen), hypertension of the portal vein leading to hemorrhage for the rupture of esophageal or gastric veins, complete liver failure and liver cancer.
The liver damage is not reversible, but the therapy can relieve and control symptoms. The remedies are the most common diuretics (against water retention), vitamins and minerals, attention to adequate food, laxatives.
Furthermore, in case of bleeding we can speak with great effectiveness, the sick you have a state of hypertension of the portal vein and blood is diverted esophageal veins that dilate are eroded by acid juices of the stomach and eventually cause the hemorrhage, which can however be blocked by injecting sclerosing liquid or elastic ligatures. The hypertension of the portal vein can also be cured with drug therapy (beta-blockers) or surgical (intrahepatic stent).
Symptoms Of West Nile Disease
Published on Mar 27 2010, in the categories: west nile disease
West Nile Fever (West Nile Fever) is a disease caused by the West Nile virus (West Nile Virus, WNV), a virus of the flaviviridae family, which has been first discovered and isolated in Uganda in 1937, precisely in the West Nile district (hence name). The virus can be found in Africa, West Asia, Europe, Australia and America.
The reservoirs of the virus are wild birds and mosquitoes (Culex most frequent type), whose bites are the main means of transmission of this virus to humans. Other means of infection documented, although much rarer, are organ transplants, blood transfusions and mother-to-fetus pregnancy. West Nile fever is not transmitted from person to person by contact with infected people. The virus can also infect other mammals, especially horses, but in some cases even dogs, cats, rabbits and others small animals.
Incubation and symptoms of West Nile disease
The incubation period from the time the bite of infected mosquito varies between 2 and 14 days, but can also last up to 21 days in subjects with deficiency of the immune system.
Most people infected show no symptoms of West Nile disease. Among symptomatic cases, about 20% have mild symptoms. These symptoms are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes and skin rashes. These symptoms may last for a few days, but in rare cases in can last for more than 2 weeks. But this depends entirely on the person who has been infected. In children is frequently a slight fever, symptoms in young people is characterized by high fever on average, red eyes, headaches and muscle aches. In elderly and debilitated, however, the symptoms can be more severe.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is mainly performed by laboratory tests (ELISA and immunofluorescence) performed on serum and, where indicated, on cerebrospinal fluid for the detection of IgM antibodies. These antibodies can persist for very long periods even in some patients (up to one year), so the positivity of these tests may indicate previous infections.
The samples are collected within 8 days of the onset of symptoms of West Nile disease. The result can be negative, so some patients might have to repeat the tests in order to be sure and to possibly exclude this disease. Alternatively, diagnosis may be obtained through PCR or viral culture on samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
Prevention
Unfortunately, at the moment there is no vaccine for the West Nile disease. Scientists are still studying the possibility of a vaccine, but right now, the best treatment for West Nile fever is prevention, which can be achieved through several ways. One of the most important aspects is to avoid mosquitoes and mosquito’s bites.
Therefore you should protect yourselves from mosquito bites and prevent any repetition easily, by using repellents and wearing long pants and long sleeved shirts when you are outdoors, especially at sunrise and sunset, by using mosquito nets, frequently emptying flower pots or other containers (e.g. buckets) with stagnant water, frequently changing water in bowls for animals and keeping the pool for the children in an upright position when not in use.
Therapy and treatment
At the moment there is no specific treatment for this disease, but in most cases, the symptoms of West Nile disease disappear in a few days or in a few weeks, depending on the immune system of the patient. You should know there are some severe cases in which the patients need to be hospitalized and need administration of intravenous fluids. These patients might also need to be assisted in breathing.
The reservoirs of the virus are wild birds and mosquitoes (Culex most frequent type), whose bites are the main means of transmission of this virus to humans. Other means of infection documented, although much rarer, are organ transplants, blood transfusions and mother-to-fetus pregnancy. West Nile fever is not transmitted from person to person by contact with infected people. The virus can also infect other mammals, especially horses, but in some cases even dogs, cats, rabbits and others small animals.
Incubation and symptoms of West Nile disease
The incubation period from the time the bite of infected mosquito varies between 2 and 14 days, but can also last up to 21 days in subjects with deficiency of the immune system.
Most people infected show no symptoms of West Nile disease. Among symptomatic cases, about 20% have mild symptoms. These symptoms are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes and skin rashes. These symptoms may last for a few days, but in rare cases in can last for more than 2 weeks. But this depends entirely on the person who has been infected. In children is frequently a slight fever, symptoms in young people is characterized by high fever on average, red eyes, headaches and muscle aches. In elderly and debilitated, however, the symptoms can be more severe.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is mainly performed by laboratory tests (ELISA and immunofluorescence) performed on serum and, where indicated, on cerebrospinal fluid for the detection of IgM antibodies. These antibodies can persist for very long periods even in some patients (up to one year), so the positivity of these tests may indicate previous infections.
The samples are collected within 8 days of the onset of symptoms of West Nile disease. The result can be negative, so some patients might have to repeat the tests in order to be sure and to possibly exclude this disease. Alternatively, diagnosis may be obtained through PCR or viral culture on samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
Prevention
Unfortunately, at the moment there is no vaccine for the West Nile disease. Scientists are still studying the possibility of a vaccine, but right now, the best treatment for West Nile fever is prevention, which can be achieved through several ways. One of the most important aspects is to avoid mosquitoes and mosquito’s bites.
Therefore you should protect yourselves from mosquito bites and prevent any repetition easily, by using repellents and wearing long pants and long sleeved shirts when you are outdoors, especially at sunrise and sunset, by using mosquito nets, frequently emptying flower pots or other containers (e.g. buckets) with stagnant water, frequently changing water in bowls for animals and keeping the pool for the children in an upright position when not in use.
Therapy and treatment
At the moment there is no specific treatment for this disease, but in most cases, the symptoms of West Nile disease disappear in a few days or in a few weeks, depending on the immune system of the patient. You should know there are some severe cases in which the patients need to be hospitalized and need administration of intravenous fluids. These patients might also need to be assisted in breathing.
Peyronie’s Disease Symptoms
Published on Mar 26 2010, in the categories: Peyronie's
Peyronie's disease is a progressive disease (fibromatosis) of the inner tunic of the penis. The therapeutic approach is the first doctor, then surgery. Goal of medical therapy is to stop the progression of the disease the surgery aims to improve the deformity of the penis induced fibromatosis and repair by grafting a prosthetic erectile dysfunction that may be surplus to medical therapy.
Peyronie's disease is a proliferative disease status (fibromatosis) of the inner tunic (albuginea) of the penis. The proliferative nature defines its evolution: in most cases (65% -87%) evolving nature, only a minority of cases tends to stabilize itself. The causes for these fibromatosis are unknown.
There are two stages of the disease: the first is acute, the second confirmed. Rarely, patients arrive in the acute phase; almost all arrive in chronic phase, not because of neglect of the first stage, but because the Peyronie’s disease symptoms are often scarce. The two phases are characterized by differences in the immune response ("rejection") organism against the plate.
Peyronie’s disease symptoms of the acute phase are: pain more or less pronounced and more or less localized, vague sensations to the penis, painful plaques.
The symptoms of chronic phase are apparently hard subcutaneous plaques, deformation of the penis, pain on erection, erectile dysfunction.
The diagnostic includes objective examination and Doppler Echo basal and dynamic of the penis. Contrary to popular belief, the echodoppler hand is less sensitive to determine the extent of surface plates, and used to identify possible infiltration of the corpora cavernosa and giving a clear picture of the vasculature, particularly important in case of presence of erectile dysfunction. In fact the symptom of erectile effect may be causes other than Peyronies, but be present in patients with Peyronie's, and this is particularly suspected.
First of all you need to go through treatment and then you might also need surgery. The goal of medical therapy is to stop the progression of the disease. If it improves to better, the improvement can not be included in the therapeutic contract, as the case of progressive disease, for which the stabilization is already a success. There are reports in the literature of healing, namely the total disappearance of the plate.
Residual deformity of the penis that affects the comfort of coitus indicates that surgery is needed. The surgery is chosen, between 100 and more interventions available, and if persistent erectile dysfunction resistant to medical therapy may be used to contextual insertion of implants.
Treatment includes substances for infiltration of the plaque (verapamil or interferon) and substances oral (tamoxifen, carnitine, potassium para-amino benzoate). In 10% of cases, there is a recurrence of Peyronie's disease, in any case despite many believed the disease impervious to medical therapy, since 1997 has brought the percentage of patients requiring surgery for deformity of the penis by about 45% to 10% or more.
Peyronie's disease is a proliferative disease status (fibromatosis) of the inner tunic (albuginea) of the penis. The proliferative nature defines its evolution: in most cases (65% -87%) evolving nature, only a minority of cases tends to stabilize itself. The causes for these fibromatosis are unknown.
There are two stages of the disease: the first is acute, the second confirmed. Rarely, patients arrive in the acute phase; almost all arrive in chronic phase, not because of neglect of the first stage, but because the Peyronie’s disease symptoms are often scarce. The two phases are characterized by differences in the immune response ("rejection") organism against the plate.
Peyronie’s disease symptoms of the acute phase are: pain more or less pronounced and more or less localized, vague sensations to the penis, painful plaques.
The symptoms of chronic phase are apparently hard subcutaneous plaques, deformation of the penis, pain on erection, erectile dysfunction.
The diagnostic includes objective examination and Doppler Echo basal and dynamic of the penis. Contrary to popular belief, the echodoppler hand is less sensitive to determine the extent of surface plates, and used to identify possible infiltration of the corpora cavernosa and giving a clear picture of the vasculature, particularly important in case of presence of erectile dysfunction. In fact the symptom of erectile effect may be causes other than Peyronies, but be present in patients with Peyronie's, and this is particularly suspected.
First of all you need to go through treatment and then you might also need surgery. The goal of medical therapy is to stop the progression of the disease. If it improves to better, the improvement can not be included in the therapeutic contract, as the case of progressive disease, for which the stabilization is already a success. There are reports in the literature of healing, namely the total disappearance of the plate.
Residual deformity of the penis that affects the comfort of coitus indicates that surgery is needed. The surgery is chosen, between 100 and more interventions available, and if persistent erectile dysfunction resistant to medical therapy may be used to contextual insertion of implants.
Treatment includes substances for infiltration of the plaque (verapamil or interferon) and substances oral (tamoxifen, carnitine, potassium para-amino benzoate). In 10% of cases, there is a recurrence of Peyronie's disease, in any case despite many believed the disease impervious to medical therapy, since 1997 has brought the percentage of patients requiring surgery for deformity of the penis by about 45% to 10% or more.
Symptoms Of Addison’s Disease
Published on Mar 26 2010, in the categories: Addison's
Addison's disease predominantly affects adults between 30 and 50 years, and especially women. The causes of disease must be identified in all the morbid conditions that lead to the almost complete destruction (over 90%) of the adrenal cortex.
About 70% of cases of Addison's disease are caused by autoimmune aggression of the gland (adrenal atrophy, autoimmune or idiopathic atrophy of the adrenal cortex).
The form of autoimmune Addison's can occur in 3 forms:
Pluriendocrina · involve a type I syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, primary hypogonadism, mucocutaneous candidiasis, pernicious anemia)
· Involve a pluriendocrina syndrome type II, also called Schmidt syndrome (adrenal insufficiency, autoimmune thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent)
· Form isolated
Therefore it is important to the detection of auto-antibodies directed to other types of glandular structures.
In 20-25% of cases of Addison's disease is a consequence of the destruction of the gland by granuloma especially tuberculosis (which has recently become more frequent in developing countries), and in rare cases, the Addison is due to destructive lesions of gland by primary or metastatic adrenal tumors (lymphomas), adrenal hemorrhage or infarction, amyloidosis, fungal infections and CMV infections (mainly AIDS). Among the minor causes also remember congenital adrenal hypoplasia, Addison's disease to iatrogenic and that by bilateral adrenalectomy.
Symptoms of Addison’s disease
The symptoms of Addison's disease acknowledge fatigue, physical and mental fatigue, sometimes cramps and muscle pain, impaired concentration, emotional instability and depressed mood, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, sometimes signs hypoglycaemia. Blood pressure is low enough to cause episodes of circulatory collapse. Characteristic of the primitive form is the effect of intense tan hyperpigmentation, especially the palms of the hands and feet, and skin folds (which is why once the disease took its name badly bronzed). The woman may also occur depletion of hair and amenorrhoea, while in humans occur sometimes impotence and loss of libido.
CAUSE
Primitive forms are distinguished, called Addison's disease in the strict sense, where the alteration affects the adrenal gland directly, and secondary forms, caused by impaired pituitary hormone ACTH, or adrenocorticotropina for pituitary or hypothalamic damage. In the latter case, some scholars speak of white Addison's disease, because the skin color does not change, whereas in primitive forms the skin is usually dark, to increase the deposition of melanin. The disease is chronic and develops slowly, usually in middle-aged, mostly female. The most common causes are primitive forms of tuberculosis of the adrenal gland or autoimmune diseases, those of secondary forms, cranial radiotherapy, surgery sull'ipofisi, brain tumor.
Recommended Therapy
The therapy is chronic and consists of corticosteroids and dietary supplementation with NaCl. The main problem with this type of treatment is the danger of an acute crisis hypoadrenalism in case of suspension of therapy, as may happen in case of febrile episodes, gastroenteritis, trauma etc. In all these situations, therapy dell'iposurrenalismo not only is not completely suspended, but must be adequately strengthened, under strict medical supervision.
About 70% of cases of Addison's disease are caused by autoimmune aggression of the gland (adrenal atrophy, autoimmune or idiopathic atrophy of the adrenal cortex).
The form of autoimmune Addison's can occur in 3 forms:
Pluriendocrina · involve a type I syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, primary hypogonadism, mucocutaneous candidiasis, pernicious anemia)
· Involve a pluriendocrina syndrome type II, also called Schmidt syndrome (adrenal insufficiency, autoimmune thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent)
· Form isolated
Therefore it is important to the detection of auto-antibodies directed to other types of glandular structures.
In 20-25% of cases of Addison's disease is a consequence of the destruction of the gland by granuloma especially tuberculosis (which has recently become more frequent in developing countries), and in rare cases, the Addison is due to destructive lesions of gland by primary or metastatic adrenal tumors (lymphomas), adrenal hemorrhage or infarction, amyloidosis, fungal infections and CMV infections (mainly AIDS). Among the minor causes also remember congenital adrenal hypoplasia, Addison's disease to iatrogenic and that by bilateral adrenalectomy.
Symptoms of Addison’s disease
The symptoms of Addison's disease acknowledge fatigue, physical and mental fatigue, sometimes cramps and muscle pain, impaired concentration, emotional instability and depressed mood, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, sometimes signs hypoglycaemia. Blood pressure is low enough to cause episodes of circulatory collapse. Characteristic of the primitive form is the effect of intense tan hyperpigmentation, especially the palms of the hands and feet, and skin folds (which is why once the disease took its name badly bronzed). The woman may also occur depletion of hair and amenorrhoea, while in humans occur sometimes impotence and loss of libido.
CAUSE
Primitive forms are distinguished, called Addison's disease in the strict sense, where the alteration affects the adrenal gland directly, and secondary forms, caused by impaired pituitary hormone ACTH, or adrenocorticotropina for pituitary or hypothalamic damage. In the latter case, some scholars speak of white Addison's disease, because the skin color does not change, whereas in primitive forms the skin is usually dark, to increase the deposition of melanin. The disease is chronic and develops slowly, usually in middle-aged, mostly female. The most common causes are primitive forms of tuberculosis of the adrenal gland or autoimmune diseases, those of secondary forms, cranial radiotherapy, surgery sull'ipofisi, brain tumor.
Recommended Therapy
The therapy is chronic and consists of corticosteroids and dietary supplementation with NaCl. The main problem with this type of treatment is the danger of an acute crisis hypoadrenalism in case of suspension of therapy, as may happen in case of febrile episodes, gastroenteritis, trauma etc. In all these situations, therapy dell'iposurrenalismo not only is not completely suspended, but must be adequately strengthened, under strict medical supervision.
RECENT COMMENTS